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VOL. 6, ISSUE 2 (2024)
Immuno-pathophysiological consequences in malaria: A brief review
Authors
Subhankari Prasad Chakraborty
Abstract
Malaria, a global public health burden is estimated
approximately 250 million cases reported worldwide every year with 1.5 to 2.7
million deaths annually. These deaths are primarily among children under 5
years of age and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. About 94% of reported
cases were recorded in the African region. 13 out of about 200 different
identified protozoal species are known to be pathogenic to humans. The life
cycle of the malaria parasite is a complex process comprising an Anopheles mosquito
and a vertebrate host. Its pathophysiology is characterized by fever secondary
to the rupture of erythrocytes, macrophage ingestion of merozoites, and/or the
presence of antigen-presenting trophozoites in the circulation or spleen which
mediates the release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Malaria can be
diagnosed through clinical observation of the signs and symptoms of the
disease. Other diagnostic techniques used to diagnose malaria are the
microscopic detection of parasites from blood smears and antigen-based rapid
diagnostic tests. The management of malaria involves preventive and/or curative
approaches. Since untreated uncomplicated malaria can progress to severe
malaria. To prevent or delay the spread of anti-malarial drug resistance, WHO
recommends the use of combination therapy for all episodes of malaria with at
least two effective anti-malarial agents having a different mechanism of
action. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) emphasizes that there is no
prophylactic agent that can prevent malaria 100%. Therefore, prophylaxis shall
be augmented with the use of personal protective measures.
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Pages:43-48
How to cite this article:
Subhankari Prasad Chakraborty "Immuno-pathophysiological consequences in malaria: A brief review". International Journal of Educational Research and Studies, Vol 6, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 43-48
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